Hillary Clinton, whose brief biography will be presented in the article, is a woman politician with a sharp mind who managed to occupy a high place in US big politics and will turn into an active public figure. During her presidency, Bill Clinton's wife turned into an ambitious and influential first lady, objectively assessing her capabilities and importance. Even after leaving the White House, he stubbornly continues his political career, wanting to once again fight for the presidency.
What interesting things can the biography of Hillary Clinton tell? Nationality: Jewish? Some ordinary people are still convinced of this. But this opinion is wrong. Her mother is of English-French descent, and her father is of English-Welsh descent. There was talk that Hillary was Jewish when she needed to get into the Senate. Accusations of her anti-Semitic statements rained down from all sides, so the politician quickly discovered a Jewish relative in her family tree.
Biographical information
Hillary Diane Rhoden Clinton was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947. In addition to her, two more children were born into the family of Methodists Hugh Ellsworth Rodham and Dorothy Emma Rodham - Hugh and Anthony. The conservative family followed the old Midwestern traditions of respecting family values, going to church on Sunday, doing well in school, respecting elders, and playing sports.
Her father had a small business. He was engaged in the supply of fabrics, and his mother devoted all her strength to housekeeping and childcare. Soon, after the birth of their third child, the family decides to move from the huge metropolis of Chicago to a quieter area - suburban Park Ridge.
The biography of Hillary Clinton in her youth indicates that the girl was always distinguished by a purposeful, decisive disposition, which took after her father. She always received the highest marks for her studies in the class; teachers could not praise the smart student enough. But she wanted to fly into space, so in addition to studying, she was actively involved in sports clubs, swimming and basketball. Hillary writes a letter to NASA asking to become the first woman to fly into space, but she was refused, citing the fact that girls are not accepted.
Hillary set a high standard for herself from an early age: she excelled in school, participated in social and religious life in the city, chaired various school clubs, and assisted in the campaign activities of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. The girl had the habit of recording all her actions in yearbooks in order to work even more efficiently and fruitfully.
Hillary Clinton's childhood and youth
Hillary Clinton was born into a conservative family that belonged to the United Baptist Church of Chicago. The girl's father, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham, was the owner of a fabric supply company, and her mother, Dorothy Emma Howell, was a housewife. Hillary was the first child in a family that soon expanded to include boys Hugh and Tony. In 1950, after the birth of their youngest child, Hugh, the Rodham-Howell family moved from Chicago to suburban Park Ridge. Family photo archive of Hillary Clinton As a child, Hillary did not dream of becoming a politician. She dreamed of space flight and even wrote a letter to NASA, talking about how much she wanted to become the first woman in space. NASA's response letter said: “We do not accept women.”
Hillary Clinton dreamed of outer space as a child
Excellent grades, active participation in the religious and social life of the city, chairmanship of numerous school clubs, assistance in the election campaign of Republican Barry Goldwater - all this was listed in the school yearbooks of the future Mrs. Clinton. In 1965, Hillary graduated from high school, becoming a finalist in the state program for gifted students. This achievement allowed the girl to choose any of the 1,600 higher educational institutions participating in the program. Hillary settled on Wellesley Women's College, where students studied liberal arts, choosing courses with a political slant.
At school, Hillary was the best student and social activist
Interestingly, Hillary initially held conservative political views. While in college, she was elected president of the Wellesley Young Republicans. In 1968, Hillary was elected president of the Wellesley College State Association. At this time, the girl began to have doubts about the correctness of the chosen course; as the politician later noted, she had the mind of a conservative, but the heart of a democrat.
Hillary Clinton as a student
Education is a start to political life
Hillary Clinton's biography (a photo of her youth can be seen in the article) shows that she brilliantly completed her high school education in 1965, and managed to reach the finals of the state program for selecting talented students. The program involved 1,600 prestigious higher educational institutions, which made it possible to choose one of the ones you liked to continue your studies. The girl prefers Wellesley Women's College, where students were taught liberal arts and given the opportunity to attend lectures with a political slant.
In college, the girl liked conservative political views more. While studying, she continues to be active in social activities, so she is soon elected to the honorary position of president of the Wellesley Young Republicans Association. But over time, Hillary doubts the correctness of her choice; she later notes that then the mind defended conservative beliefs, but democracy burned in the heart.
Childhood, youth, education
Hilary Rodham was brought up in a family of strict morals. Baptist parents kept their children strict, especially the father. Hugh Ellsworth Rodham owned a small, quite successful textile business, and Dorothy's mother ran the household affairs. When the Rodham couple had a new addition, the head of the family decided to move the family to a Chicago suburb. There, in the Park Ridge area, Hillary and her two brothers spent their childhood years.
Hillary Clinton is an excellent student in life
A classic excellent student - this is how one can characterize the student Hillary. She tried to be on time everywhere, always take first place, and was a responsible and efficient girl. In addition, even then she had a strong character, assertiveness and a clear understanding of what she was striving for. The only thing that has changed dramatically since college is my political views. Initially, she was sure that she was an ardent supporter of the conservatives, but later realized that she was a Democrat at heart.
While studying at school, Hillary Clinton had an active position, participated in public life, and headed clubs. Then she enters Wellsey College, or rather chooses it, because for her school success she was given the right to independently determine her further place of study. The women's college had strict rules: it was not allowed to communicate with men, and you could only invite guys on Sunday. A couple of years later, Hillary Clinton headed the student association and was able to make significant adjustments to the established rules.
Bill Clinton and Hillary
The girl could not stop with her bachelor's degree: in 1973 she was already holding a diploma from Yale University in her hands. Studying at this institution required the highest degree of attentiveness, concentration and perseverance from students. There, the ability to clearly express thoughts, respond to opponents, be courageous and engage in justified polemics was welcomed. The result of Clinton's studies was the degree of Doctor of Law.
Studying at the university: the choice is made
After graduating from college, the future US Secretary of State, based on the exam results, entered Harvard and Yale University. One day they decided to introduce an ambitious girl to the famous law professor at Harvard University. A talented college graduate was introduced to him: “Professor, meet Hillary Rodham, she can’t decide whether to give preference to us or our closest competitor.” The teacher answered sharply: “We have absolutely no competitors, and we no longer accept girls.” These words prompted Hillary to choose Yale University.
Hillary successfully graduated from university and decided to take the bar exams in Arkansas and Washington. As a result, she receives a coveted position at the Arkansas Bar. This company was founded back in 1820, it was considered one of the most influential and famous companies located west of the Mississippi River.
Content
- 1 Biography 1.1 Early years
- 1.2 Study at Wellesley College
- 1.3 Yale Law School and additional education
- 2.1 From the East Coast to Arkansas
- 3.1 Hillary Clinton's role as First Lady
- 5.1 First term
- 7.1 Nomination and confirmation
- 15.1 Notes
Career start - everything is predetermined
Hillary Clinton, whose brief biography is interesting to all her fans, does not stop there; in 1969 she received a bachelor's degree. She goes to law school at Yale University. It is here that fate brings her together with Bill Clinton. One day she was preparing for classes in the library, but one student could not take his eyes off her. She could not stand it and said: “Young man, I will have to turn away if you don’t stop looking at me like that. Or maybe we can get to know each other? By the way, my name is Hillary Rhoden.” The young man introduced himself, and they never parted again.
In 1973, Hillary managed to defend her academic degree, and from now on she is a Doctor of Law. She attends a course in pediatric medicine at a university specialist center, after which she becomes a lawyer for the Children's Defense Fund. Soon the part of my life devoted to jurisprudence became a thing of the past. A woman lawyer decided to join the ranks of the American political elite.
In 1974, Hillary became a member of the legal commission that was preparing the indictment related to the Watergate scandal. The organization carried out large-scale work, which provoked the resignation of President Richard Nixon.
The beginning of Hillary Clinton's political career
In 1969, Hillary received a bachelor's degree in political science. The next step was law school at Yale University. Here the girl met her future husband, Bill Clinton.
Bill and Hillary Clinton in their youth - 1971
In 1973, the girl received the long-awaited doctorate in law, but it was too early to say goodbye to Yale: she devoted the next year to studying a course in pediatric medicine at a specialized training center at her alma mater. Upon completion of the program, she received a position as an attorney at the Children's Defense Fund.
Hillary Clinton – lawyer, political scientist, children's rights advocate
In 1974, 27-year-old Hillary became a member of the legal committee preparing an indictment in connection with the Watergate scandal. The organization's activities contributed to the resignation of President Richard Nixon.
In 1974, Hillary Clinton contributed to the resignation of Richard Nixon
That same year, Bill left for Arkansas, planning to start a political career there, and Hillary followed her beloved. In 1975, the couple tied the knot.
Hillary and Bill continued their political activities under the same name
After the wedding, Hillary Clinton received a position as a law professor at the University of Arkansas, and in 1976 accepted an invitation to partnership from the Rose Law Firm, specializing in patent law. At this time, Bill ran for the post of state attorney general and, with the help of a series of successful election campaigns, planned with the help of his faithful wife, took this place.
Hillary Clinton always supported her husband in everything
In 1978, Hillary's outstanding analytical skills earned her a seat on the board of the Legal Services Corporation; she was appointed by current President Jimmy Carter. She held this post until 1980, during which time she increased the company's financial fund from $90 million to $300 million.
In 1979, Bill Clinton became the governor of Arkasas, and Hillary, accordingly, the First Lady of the state. First of all, the woman took the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee under her wing: she established standards for the school schedule, classroom sizes, and also introduced a law requiring teachers to be tested for professional suitability. In addition to protecting the rights of children, Hillary was concerned about the problem of gender inequality, which she tried to resolve as a member of the Board of Directors of the American Bar Association, lobbying for the interests of women lawyers.
Clintons celebrate victory in state gubernatorial election
When in 1992, Bill Clinton announced his decision to nominate himself for the presidency of the United States from the Democratic Party.
First Lady of Arkansas
In 1975, Hillary married promising politician Bill Clinton. In 1980, the couple had a daughter, Chelsea Victoria, but Hillary's desire to continue political and social activities dominates her desire to enjoy motherhood to the fullest.
To help her husband advance to the highest echelons of power, the young wife herself begins to actively engage in political activities. It was she who worked on putting together a political campaign, which ultimately led to amazing results - Clinton took the post of Attorney General, and two years later became governor of Arkansas. But Hillary does not completely leave legal work; she is appointed as a board member of the Legal Services Corporation. The first lady of the state introduces her innovations in the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee: she changes the norms of the school schedule, introduces the necessary parameters for school classes, and introduces a law that sets out the testing of teachers for professional suitability. Hillary not only cares about protecting the rights of the younger generation, she is trying to change society's attitude towards gender differences. Over the next 12 years, Hillary Clinton has been directly involved in the life of the state, improving the quality of education and healthcare.
1992 was a significant year for Hillary Clinton. The biography and personal life of the woman came under even closer attention from journalists. Her husband wins the US presidential race. Her husband invites her to head the health care reform committee. She is not in office for long, because her activities do not suit the Republicans.
After Hillary Clinton, height, weight, age, whose habits became more and more interesting to the population every day, decides to protect the interests of women and children in the United States, becoming the chief executive officer of the huge American company Wal-Mart, which is one of the largest retail chains. Business activities make the first lady of the United States financially independent from her husband; in 1993, her income amounted to 250 thousand dollars, and her husband received only 35 thousand dollars. By the way, this is something that Hillary Clinton’s biography does not hide. The woman’s age today is 69 years old, weight – 60 kg, height – 165 cm.
Clinton, Hillary
Origin, education Hillary Clinton (English Hillary Clinton, nee Hillary Diane Rodham; Hillary Diane Rodham) was born on October 26, 1947 in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge, Illinois (USA), in a family of immigrants from Great Britain. In 1965-1969 She attended Wellesley College, a private women's college in Massachusetts, where she majored in political science and received a bachelor's degree. She graduated from Yale University in 1973 with a J.D. degree. In 1970-1980 While in college, she volunteered for the presidential campaign of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater (1964), and later became a supporter of the Democratic Party. She was actively involved in social activities and was the organizer of one of the first student demonstrations against the Vietnam War. At Yale University she met Bill Clinton (the future 42nd President of the United States). Together with him in 1972, she participated in the election campaign of Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern. In 1973, she worked as a legal adviser to the Children's Defense Fund in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and in 1974, on the staff of the Judiciary Committee of the US House of Representatives in Washington. In 1975 she married Bill Clinton. The family moved to Little Rock, the capital of Arkansas, where Bill Clinton became state attorney general (1977-1978). During this period, Hillary taught at the University of Arkansas School of Law, worked as an attorney, and in 1979 became a law partner). In 1978, Bill Clinton was elected governor of Arkansas and served for twelve years (1979-1981 and 1983-1993). As the state's first lady, Hillary Clinton was actively involved in public life, focusing mainly on children's issues, health care and education. During these years, she headed the Committee on Educational Standards, the Public Fund for the Protection of Children and the Advisory Committee on Environmental Issues, participated in the creation of an organization to protect the rights of families and children, and was a member of the leadership of the Center for Education and Economics and other public organizations. In 1980, she gave birth to a daughter, Chelsea, but neither the role of the first lady of Arkansas nor the birth of a child forced her to abandon her career as a lawyer. By the end of the 1980s. she achieved a reputation as one of the best lawyers in the United States - in 1988 and 1991. The National Law Journal named her one of the 100 most influential lawyers in the country. However, her work at Rose Law became controversial when it was revealed that the firm had the fifth-largest contract volume in the state where Bill Clinton was governor. First Lady of the United States (1993-2001) After becoming First Lady of the United States after Bill Clinton was elected president in 1992 (in office 1993-2001), she chaired the task force to develop health care reform. The committee proposed shifting part of the cost of paying for health insurance for US citizens to employers and manufacturers of medical products. But the plans have been criticized by Republicans and the medical industry. Next, Hillary Clinton drew attention to protecting the interests of children and women. Her weekly comments entitled “Let’s Talk” on the White House website, which were reprinted by the American media, were devoted to this issue. In the Senate (2001-2009) In 2000, Hillary Clinton ran as a Democratic candidate for the Senate from New York State. In January 2001, she took the seat of a senator, becoming the first among the spouses of US presidents to be elected to the country's highest legislative body. In 2006 she was re-elected for a new term. She served on the Committees on the Budget (2001-2002), Armed Services (2003-2009), Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (2001-2009), and Environment and Public Works (2001-2009). In 2001, after the September 11 attacks, Hillary Clinton supported the decision to begin military action in Afghanistan, saying it was a chance to fight terrorism as well as improve the living conditions of Afghan women who suffered under Taliban rule. In 2002 and 2003 voted for resolutions that authorized President George W. Bush. use military force against Iraq, and in 2005 against the withdrawal of troops from this country. However, in June 2014, she admitted that she had made a mistake by voting for the war in Iraq. 2008 Presidential Campaign In 2007, Hillary Clinton announced her intention to participate in the 2008 presidential election. She enjoyed significant support from voters, occupying a leading place in the ratings, but lost the primaries to Barack Obama. During the election campaign, she advocated for euthanasia and women’s right to terminate a pregnancy, but against same-sex marriage. However, in 2013, she expressed support for the registration of same-sex unions, noting that views change over time. Secretary of State (2009-2013) After Obama won the presidential election, Hillary Clinton was offered the position of Secretary of State. The Senate approved her candidacy on January 21, 2009. She became the third woman to hold this post (after Madeleine Albright and Condoleezza Rice). She left him in February 2013. Her achievements at the head of the State Department are assessed ambiguously. Many political scientists attribute to her the US foreign policy failures during this period. In particular, the famous American economist and publicist Paul Craig Roberts believes that Hillary Clinton should be responsible for the policy of “regime change” in Libya, Iraq, Iran, Syria and Honduras. 2021 Presidential Campaign On April 12, 2015, Hillary Clinton announced her candidacy for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. Her campaign slogan is “Hillary for America.” As a result of the primaries, she won 28 states and the District of Columbia. On July 26, 2021, the US Democratic Party convention approved her as its candidate for president of the country in the elections on November 8, 2021 (she became the first woman in US history to run for the highest government office from one of the two systemic political parties). She proposed Senator Timothy Kaine from Virginia as a candidate for the post of vice president of the country. Among the points of her election program: overcoming income inequality, increasing the minimum wage, paid maternity leave, and supporting family values. If she came to the post of head of the US administration, she promised to carry out a large-scale reform of the national election legislation, in particular, to seek a constitutional amendment that would overturn the decision of the Supreme Court of the country made several years ago, which actually lifted restrictions on donations to political party funds. Clinton called the main threat to US national security the proliferation of nuclear weapons and nuclear materials that could end up in the hands of terrorists. Hillary Clinton was going to strive to strengthen the US armed forces and strictly fulfill obligations to allies in the North Atlantic Alliance. On the issue of Syria, she advocated striking the positions of Islamic State terrorists (banned in the Russian Federation), introducing no-fly zones and expanding assistance to the Syrian opposition, but was against sending American army soldiers to this country. Hillary Clinton has repeatedly stated the threat from Russia and the need to prepare to repel it. She spoke extremely negatively about Russian President Vladimir Putin, called the entry of Crimea into Russia an annexation and held Russia responsible for the deterioration of the situation in south-eastern Ukraine. She lost the Electoral College vote on December 19, 2021 to Republican Donald Trump. He received 304 electoral votes, Clinton - 227. At the same time, in terms of the number of popular votes during the November 8 elections, she was ahead of Trump: 48.07% of voters voted for her, 45.99% for Trump. Further activities In March 2021, Clinton, in a private conversation with representatives of political circles, did not rule out that she might run for mayor of New York. In May 2021, she announced the creation of a new political organization - Onward Together - to support the initiatives that she put forward during the election campaign. Its task is to promote the ideas that were supported by almost 66 million people who voted for Clinton in the presidential election, as well as “progressive values” in general. On March 4, 2021, Hillary Clinton told News 12, which is part of CNN, that she will not run for president of the United States in 2021, but will not leave politics: “I will not run [for president] , but I will continue to work, perform and stand up for what I believe in. I want people to realize that I will continue to perform. I'm not going anywhere. The politician also expressed doubt that she would run for any other elective positions, explaining that she was very satisfied with life in New York, and she was grateful that at one time she was elected to the US Senate from this state. On May 30, 2019, it became known that Hillary Clinton and her daughter Chelsea are establishing a private company that will implement projects in film and television. They are negotiating with a number of film studios regarding the financing of the projects mentioned above. They will be dedicated mainly to the fair sex. Since January 1, 2021, Clinton has been the rector of Northern Ireland's Queen's University in Belfast (term expires in 2025). She became the first female rector in the history of the university, founded in 1845. Scandals Several major scandals are associated with the names of Hillary and Bill Clinton. One of them, called “Whitewater,” broke out back in 1994. Then the Clintons were suspected of conducting an illegal real estate transaction in Arkansas in the 1980s. (in the town of Whitewater) and concealing part of the income received from the tax authorities. It was only in 2000 that the investigation into this case was closed due to lack of evidence. In 1998, another scandal - around Bill Clinton's relationship with White House intern Monica Lewinsky - almost ended in the president's impeachment. Hillary spoke out in support of her husband, calling what was happening a “massive conspiracy.” Although many of her critics are of the opinion that her refusal to divorce her husband was explained by her personal political ambitions. Several more scandals are associated with Hillary Clinton's tenure as US Secretary of State. The first was a consequence of the events of September 11, 2012 in Benghazi, when an attack on the American consulate killed four American employees, including the US Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens. This tragedy has been the subject of numerous investigations by Congress and the State Department. Many in the United States were convinced that the State Department was deliberately hiding from the general public the fact that the consulate was deliberately attacked by Islamist militants, and not by a crowd staging a spontaneous protest against the controversial anti-Islamic film “The Innocence of Muslims,” as the State Department stated. Another scandal erupted in March 2015, when it became known that during her tenure as Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton used her personal email to conduct official correspondence. Later, she transferred all her work correspondence (55 thousand letters) to the foreign affairs department, and deleted her personal correspondence (more than 30 thousand letters), for which she was subjected to severe criticism. In July 2016, the investigation into the case was closed. However, at the end of October 2016, against the backdrop of documents published by the WikiLeaks portal (WikiLeaks), the FBI returned to the investigation of the “mail case.” According to WikiLeaks, it is connected with the financing of the Clinton family foundation, which received and continues to receive sponsorship from leading American banks and financiers, large corporations, and foreign states in exchange for lobbying their interests. In addition, emails provided by WikiLeaks indicate that the leadership of the Democratic Party waged a campaign to discredit Bernie Sanders, Clinton's rival during the primaries. The letters reveal connections between the Clinton campaign and the media. So, in some cases, before publishing their articles, journalists sent them to the Clinton campaign for approval, or even changed the content in accordance with the instructions received. On November 7, 2016, the FBI closed the case of Hillary Clinton's correspondence and sent a notification to the US Congress that there were no grounds for criminal prosecution. At the same time, on September 28, 2021, the Washington Post newspaper reported, citing sources, that the Diplomatic Security Service (a security unit of the State Department, which has the status of an independent federal law enforcement agency) is reviewing the emails of dozens of former and current Foreign Department employees who corresponded with Clinton. According to the publication, representatives of the service began an inspection about a year and a half earlier, but soon stopped it, reactivating it again in August 2021. As the State Department told the newspaper, the service follows the standard protocol for an investigation that began during the Obama presidency and within which it is necessary to “review millions of emails is about three and a half years.” On March 2, 2021, a District of Columbia federal court ordered Clinton to testify about the email scandal. In June 2021, Clinton said that a "colossal Russian conspiracy" was to blame for her 2021 election defeat. In addition, she said, this was influenced by a number of statements made on the eve of the election by FBI Director James Comey: “The letters from James Comey and WikiLeaks raised doubts among people who were inclined to vote for me and scared them away.” Another scandal is related to the uranium deal between the US and Russia during the Obama era. During the 2021 election campaign, Trump argued that Hillary Clinton could indirectly receive funds from the Russian side for not opposing the transfer of the uranium mining company Uranium One to the control of the state corporation Rosatom. Trump, in particular, accused Clinton of “giving Russia 20%” of American uranium as US Secretary of State. The Republican also alleged that the brother of John Podesta, Clinton's former campaign manager, "pocketed $180,000" as a result of a Uranium One transaction. Books, lectures Hillary Clinton is the author of a number of books, including “The Whole World and Other Lessons Our Children Ask Us” (1996), dedicated to the problems of family and raising children (in 1997, she received a Grammy Award for the audio version of this book) ); "Invitation to the White House" (1999) about the presidential residence; a memoir, Living History (2003), about her years in the White House as First Lady. In 2014, she published a book, Hard Choices, in which she recalls the events of 2007-2013, which included competing with Obama for the presidency and serving in his administration as Secretary of State. Gives lectures on various topics (social and economic inequality, cost of education, foreign policy, etc.). Her daughter Chelsea, as well as Bill Clinton, give similar lectures. According to media reports, Hillary Clinton's average fee for one public appearance is about $200 thousand. They transfer part of the fees to the Clinton family charity, which fights poverty and eliminates the consequences of natural disasters. Forbes magazine in 2015 estimated Hillary Clinton's net worth at $45 million.
Trial
The Clintons are embroiled in a legal battle in the 1994 Whitewater Corporation case. They were charged with financial fraud. While still serving as governor of Kansas, Clinton decided to invest in a construction company, which subsequently went bankrupt. Losses amounted to approximately $45 million. The former governor also lost an impressive amount, but investors were not reassured by this explanation; they believed that he was obliged to monitor the company’s activities. At the same time, Hillary worked for a law firm that served Whitewater.
No one could either confirm or prove the involvement of the Clintons in the fraud. The case was closed in court due to the lack of irrefutable evidence.
No sooner had the Whitewater fraud scandal died down than the world's media was blown up by the scandalous news of Bill Clinton's love affair with intern Monica Lewinsky. The girl had a relationship with the president from November 1995 to March 1997. Later, she goes to work at the Pentagon, and the connection would have remained a secret, but Monica’s friend decided to make public the recording of her telephone conversation with revelations.
Even in such a piquant situation, Hillary did not turn away from her husband; she publicly stated that the scandal was conceived with the aim of discrediting the name of the president. Although Clinton decided to admit his sin and, as a result of impeachment, leaves his high post.
Hillary Clinton - wife of President Bill Clinton
On January 20, 1993, Bill Clinton began to settle into the White House, where he got there not without the solid support of his wife, who helped with the analysis and planning of his election campaign. For her active participation in the election race, as well as for her vigorous political activity as the First Lady of the United States, voters gave Hillary the playful nickname “co-president.”
“If they elect me, it won’t be a co-presidential position.”
First of all, Hillary faced the urgent need to carry out government health care reform. In 1993, the government adopted a set of measures she developed, known as the Clinton Health Care Program: from now on, every employer was required to provide health insurance to employees. A year later, the program was suspended due to criticism from Republicans.
Hillary unveils new health care program
The failure of the program led to a decrease in the popularity of Democrats and, on the contrary, an increase in support for Republicans. The number of the latter in the Senate and the White House has increased, and Hillary's role in resolving political issues has weakened significantly.
In 1994, the Clintons became the main defendants in the Whitewater Corporation case. They were suspected of financial fraud: as governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton invested money in a construction company, which soon went bankrupt, and the total loss was close to $45 million. Clinton himself also lost a significant amount (about $70 thousand), but this did not save him from accusations - bankrupt investors believed that as governor he was obliged to oversee the activities of the company. Adding fuel to the fire was the fact that Hillary was employed by a law firm that served Whitewater.
The Clintons after the trial
Suspicions remained suspicions; at least, the court had no evidence of the Clintons’ involvement in any fraud. However, before the scandal had time to be forgotten, the newspapers were full of new provocative headlines: “Bill Clinton slept with Monica Lewinsky!”
Bill Clinton's second inauguration occurred shortly before the Lewinsky scandal.
The story was as old as time: young intern Monica Lewinsky tried to capture the attention of the president and, in the end, she succeeded. Between November 1995 and March 1997, she was in an intimate relationship with Bill Clinton. Afterwards, the girl went to work at the Pentagon, and the president’s secret would have remained within the walls of the Oval Office, if not for Linda Tripp, who released a recording of a telephone conversation in which her friend Monica shares details about her love affair with Bill Clinton.
Hillary sided with her husband, accusing Monica of slander
Even in this situation, Hillary Clinton sided with her husband, saying that the whole scandal was staged with the aim of a conspiracy against the president. Later, the husband admitted that the relationship with Lewinsky really took place and left the presidency as a result of an attempt at impeachment.
The decision to act in the political arena
Hillary Clinton decides to run for New York State Senator and subsequently wins the election. Previously, behind her husband’s back, no one noticed Hillary’s strong-willed qualities, her toughness and penchant for decisive action. When considering issues directly related to military policy and related to the fight against terrorism, she acted categorically and strictly, so her colleagues gave her the appropriate nickname - “hawk”. In 2002, she lobbied for the start of hostilities in Iraq, and in 2005 she opposed the withdrawal of troops from the battlefields.
Hillary Clinton begins her presidential campaign in 2007. Rapid success awaited her; she tops the lists in the ratings as the most recognizable candidate. The world froze in anticipation of the outcome of the elections; the decisive senator is even compared to Angela Merkel. But just before the elections, voters changed their minds, so Hillary abandoned the presidential race, and the young politician Barack Obama received the presidency.
A new round of Hillary Clinton's career
If not for her innate sense of purpose, most likely Hillary would have followed in the footsteps of Barbara Bush or Nancy Reagan, moving away from politics and overseeing some kind of charitable foundation. But no - in 2000, she ran for senator from New York State and won the election. Then her tough, strong-willed side appeared, which had previously gone unnoticed behind her husband’s back.
Hillary Clinton in the US Senate
On all issues related to the fight against terror and military policy, she acted decisively and aggressively, for which she received the nickname “hawk” from her colleagues. In the fall of 2002, she voted for the start of the war with Iraq, and in 2005 - against the withdrawal of troops from the hot spot.
Hillary Clinton's political views differ from her husband's
In 2007, Hillary Clinton's election campaign began in the United States. The beginning predicted phenomenal success: the female senator occupied the first lines in ratings and polls as the most recognizable candidate. Around the world, the situation was closely monitored, comparing Clinton to Angela Merkel. However, as a result of a series of primaries, Hillary lost the leadership to the young candidate Barack Obama, who won the 2008 presidential election.
Hillary Clinton - US Secretary of State
After the victory, Obama invited Clinton to take the post of US Secretary of State. The Senate approved her candidacy, and in January 2009 the woman took office. While working as head of the State Department, Hillary supported the strengthening of the military presence in Afghanistan and Libya, approved of the Arab Spring and especially the bombing of Gaddafi’s army positions. On February 1, 2013, Clinton left office, handing over the reins to John Kerry. Hillary Clinton at Posner's
Secretary of State is a failed attempt
In 2008, the new US President Barack Obama invited Hillary Clinton to take the post of Secretary of State, and in January she was elected to this position by senators. For the first time, the country's former first lady is joining the State Department.
While in office, Hillary writes her memoirs, Hard Forks. It is in the title of the book that the meaning of her work as Secretary of State is hidden. Clinton is known for her decisive policies: she supports the strengthening of the military regime in Libya and Afghanistan and approves of the Arab Spring. Such actions caused extremely positive impressions among the allies, but everyone else considers her work as Secretary of State an “American mistake.” In 2013, Hillary Clinton leaves office and John Kerry is elected to replace her.
[edit] Notes
- In 1995, Hillary Clinton said that her mother named her after Sir Edmund Hillary, one of the members of the expedition that first conquered Mount Everest, which is the reason for the rare spelling of her name "with two Ls." However, the conquest of this peak occurred only in 1953, five years after its birth. In October 2006, her secretary said that Hillary was not named after the conqueror of the mountain. According to Clinton herself, the origin of her name “was based on a sweet family story that her mother shared with her to inspire her to greatness, which, by the way, led to great results.”[1]
The troubles continue
Another high-profile scandal is associated with Hillary Clinton as Secretary of State. The details of her email, through which she carried out correspondence while working as Secretary of State, became public knowledge. Such an action entails serious troubles and is considered a crime against the state, because it poses a threat to the security of the United States due to the declassification of classified information. A special check of Hillary Clinton's mail was carried out, after which it turned out that no secret information was found in the mail, but one and a half thousand letters were classified as confidential, and as a result they were classified.
Scandals surrounding Hillary Clinton
Not only public activities, but also the personal life of this lady were accompanied by many high-profile scandals. There were a lot of rumors around the name Hillary Clinton. The United States still remembers her husband's relationship with Monica Lewinsky. In 1998, it was the most talked about moral scandal. But Hillary has a subtle mind, and her desire not to give up the high positions she has achieved in life pushed her, instead of divorce, to support her husband. As a result, she was able to turn a shameful love affair into a conspiracy against the President of the United States.
One of the high-profile political scandals concerned her personal email. mail used for official correspondence that she conducted while still at the head of the US State Department. This is a crime because it undermines the security of the country. Hillary's enemies insisted on verification, believing that she was declassifying secret classified information in correspondence. But upon verification, these rumors were not confirmed. Although some of the letters still received the classification of secrecy.
Hillary Clinton continues to fight
During her husband's presidency, Hillary gained extensive experience in governing the country, because she knew first-hand about internal government affairs. In 2015, she decides to enter the election race for the next presidential election, scheduled for November 2016.
From the very first days of the election battles, Clinton and Trump began to actively oppose each other, because both candidates do not intend to give up. The world community froze before the debate between them - replete with aggressive statements characteristic of both candidates.
The main focus of Hillary Clinton's election assurances was support for immigration reform, thanks to which many migrants will be able to obtain legal work. She also announced her loyal position regarding the protection of the rights of the middle class, wanted to take steps to overcome the unequal incomes of the country's residents and increase the minimum wage.
Even the most conservative residents of the country believed that victory would be in the hands of a female politician. Oligarch Donald Trump confidently won the majority of votes. Clinton, who lost, called her competitor and congratulated him on his victory.
Features of everyday life
During his years in office, Bill Clinton rode the peaks and valleys of his popularity, sought to settle world affairs, and also held a huge number of charity events and public appearances. World problems were solved with the help of public organizations, regardless of their orientation. Dealing with the problems of global warming, and also provides assistance to patients with obesity and AIDS. Bill Clinton lived with his wife for many years; he participated in Barack Obama's election race and remained an adviser to his wife.
A little later, Bill Clinton lost interest in a joint relationship, especially when the huge scandal with Monica Lewinsky leaked to the press. Even in this situation, Clinton’s wife behaved adequately; she tried to ignore all the news, especially since they already had children, affairs and infidelities remained only between them.
Their daughter studied at Stanford University, in the history department, after which she went to study health care at Columbia. Today, Chelsea works and has a successful career; Bill Clinton's daughter works as a correspondent and participates in charitable foundations.
In such an open marriage, although the relationship was free, at any speech Bill Clinton and his wife support each other and stand by each other. The family model of behavior is ideal. Hillary Clinton felt very depressed when she learned about the infidelities, but later she began to regard these passages only as lustful desires.
For the woman herself, sexual relationships do not come first; she has never cheated on her man. Bill Clinton greatly values his wife as a housewife and as a woman, and tried to move up the career ladder from the very beginning. By nature, Hillary is a soft person and this helps her in many ways, not only in family relationships.
Perhaps interesting: Donald Trump's wife, Barack Obama's wife.
Political career[ | ]
Presidency of Bill Clinton[ | ]
Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton in 1997
In 1990, her annual income was $190,000, in 1993 - already $250,000, her husband's gubernatorial income was $35,000 a year.[8] From 1986 to 1992, she served as a member of the board of directors of Wal-Mart.[9]
Despite her lack of experience at the federal level, Hillary took an active part in US political life, in particular, in the generally unsuccessful attempt to reform the country's health care system (1993-1994). In January 1993, Bill appointed her head of the task force on health care reform. He sought health insurance for all US citizens and proposed that some of the costs be borne by employers and medical product manufacturers. Opposition from medical manufacturers and lack of support in Congress (especially after the defeat of the Democrats in the 1994 congressional elections) made the implementation of the reform impossible. Hillary Clinton resigned from her post.
Hillary launched Save America's Treasures
, aimed at preserving the country's historical sites - its funding was stopped under Michelle Obama.
New York State Senator[ | ]
In 2000, Clinton was elected senator in New York State. Her campaign manager was Bill de Blasio, the New York City public advocate. Having confidently won re-election to the Senate in November 2006, Hillary Clinton has long been considered one of the favorites of the 2008 presidential campaign.
2008 election campaign[ | ]
After the official start of the presidential race in the fall of 2007, Hillary was one of the most publicly known candidates for the presidency of the United States and enjoyed significant support from Democratic voters. With the support of her husband Bill Clinton, as well as huge investments in advertising (over 5.3 million US dollars by January 2008), Hillary occupied a leading place in ratings and voter polls. Until November 2007, 40% of all left-wing and democratic-liberal voters were ready to vote for her. But the situation changed dramatically at the end of 2007, when many voters began to suspect the couple and the entire US system of nepotism, mafia dominance of a narrow circle of big capital. As a result, the Iowa Caucus Convention on January 3, 2008, revealed voters' desire to see change and new faces in politics. Hillary received only 29% of the Democratic vote, losing to Edwards (30%) and Obama (38%). After that, she decided to simultaneously soften her chiseled image of a cold and calculating lady to a softer one emotionally with the help of the presence of her daughter, emotional moments where she even shed tears. However, polls among women voters showed that the majority again supported Obama (35%) rather than Clinton (30%).
Democratic primary results by state. The states that supported Obama are shown in lilac, and Clinton in green.
In the primaries, at the beginning of 2008, Hillary confidently defeated Barack Obama in the states of Ohio and Rhode Island and by a slight margin in the state of Texas, but lost to Obama in the states of Mississippi and Vermont. On April 22, Clinton wins an important victory in the Pennsylvania primary.
On June 7, 2008, she refused to continue the internal party struggle and declared support for Obama’s candidacy.
US Secretary of State[ | ]
Clinton and King Abdullah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012
Nomination and approval[ | ]
After Barack Obama won the 2008 presidential election, he proposed that Hillary Clinton take over as US Secretary of State. On November 21, Hillary Clinton agreed to take this post[10], which Barack Obama officially announced on December 1.
On December 10, Congress passed a special law to reduce the salary of the Secretary of State so that (in accordance with the so-called Senator Saxby rule
) the current senator was able to become secretary of state. The law was signed into law by George W. Bush on December 19. At the same time, Senator Hillary Clinton was deprived of all salary increases effective January 1, 2007.
Hearings on Hillary Clinton's nomination for Secretary of State began in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 13, 2009. Two days later, the committee approved her candidacy (by a majority of 16 to 1).
After the inauguration of Barack Obama on January 20, 2009, the Senate postponed its decision on Hillary Clinton's candidacy[11]. The decision was made by the full Senate on January 21 and approved by a majority of 94 votes to 2. On the same day, Hillary Clinton took the oath of office and resigned as a senator from the state of New York. The new Secretary of State arrived at the State Department on January 22, 2009.
Activities as Secretary of State[ | ]
On Hillary Clinton's first day of work, the State Department was visited by President Barack Obama and Vice President Joseph Biden, in whose presence the Secretary of State announced the appointment of new special envoys. Former Democratic Senator George Mitchell was appointed special envoy for peace in the Middle East, and Richard Holbrooke, a former US representative to the UN in the Bill Clinton administration, was appointed ambassador to Afghanistan and Pakistan[12].
Sergei Lavrov and Hillary Clinton. March 2009
On March 6, 2009, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov held their first official bilateral meeting, which took place at the Intercontinental Hotel in Geneva. At this meeting, Clinton and Lavrov gave a symbolic start to the reset of relations between Russia and the United States by pressing a big red button on which it was written not “reset”, but “overload”[13].
On October 13-14, 2009, Hillary Clinton made her first official visit to Moscow, where she met with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. She discussed with them the nuclear programs of Iran and the DPRK, the START III treaty and the “reset” in Russian-American relations [ source not specified 773 days
].
On March 18, 2010, Clinton visited Moscow again, where she took part in a discussion of the situation in the Middle East and the signing of the New START Treaty. During this visit, Clinton gave an interview to Russian TV presenter Vladimir Pozner, who hosts the TV show “Posner.” In this interview, Clinton answered questions about US foreign policy, about the American missile defense system in Europe, about Kosovo, South Ossetia and Abkhazia.
On October 20, 2011, Hillary Clinton was on an official visit to Kabul. There she learned about the assassination of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi via SMS. At that moment, she was preparing for an interview and an SBS News cameraman filmed this moment. After reading the news of Gaddafi's death, Clinton exclaimed, "Wow." To paraphrase the famous phrase of the Roman commander Julius Caesar, “He has come. Saw. He won,” Clinton said with a laugh: “They came, they saw, he died.”[14]
On February 1, 2013, Hillary Clinton resigned as US Secretary of State. John Kerry has become the new US Secretary of State.
Retired[ | ]
She released a memoir, “Hard Choices,” about her activities and reflections during her four years as US Secretary of State.[15] Clinton, as a likely US presidential candidate, believes that the US should develop a full-scale strategy to combat Islamist extremism similar to the one the US had in relation to the communist ideology of the USSR, without hesitation in choosing the means to achieve the goal and decisively overthrowing secular regimes to replace them non-extremist Islamist regimes so that the power vacuum is not occupied by anti-American Islamist extremism. “We did a good job of containing the Soviet Union, although we made a lot of mistakes, we supported various scoundrels, we did some things that we are not particularly proud of, from Latin America to Southeast Asia, but we had a comprehensive strategy throughout, what we tried to do, and what led to the defeat of the USSR and the collapse of communism. This was our goal, we achieved it.”[16].
After her resignation from the post of Secretary of State, in March 2015, a scandal erupted over her use of her personal email address to transmit confidential official information. And although the US FBI, as a result of the investigation, recommended the US Attorney General not to bring charges against her, on July 8, 2021, US State Department spokesman John Kirby announced that the investigation against the country's presidential candidate Hillary Clinton had been resumed and would continue[17].
On March 4, 2014, at a charity event in California, Clinton spoke about the similarities between Nazi Germany's policies in the 1930s, which offered protection to ethnic Germans in other countries, and Russia's policies in Crimea (see the annexation of Crimea into the Russian Federation). The next day, speaking at the University of California, Los Angeles, Clinton denied that she had drawn a parallel between Russia's actions in Ukraine and Germany's move in the Sudetenland.[18]
2021 election campaign[ | ]
Main article: Hillary Clinton presidential campaign
On April 12, 2015, she announced her candidacy for the 2021 presidential election from the Democratic Party[19].
2021 US Presidential Election Results. States in which the majority supported Trump are marked in red, and Clinton in blue.
Hillary Clinton was the most popular candidate from the Democratic Party, but her serious opponent was the independent Senator from Vermont Bernie Sanders, who became the second candidate from the Democratic Party to announce his participation in the elections on April 30, 2015. Vice President Joe Biden was also considered as a possible Democratic candidate, but in October 2015 he abandoned his candidacy. Clinton had another rival, ex-Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley.
Jim Webb, Lincoln Chafee, Lawrence Lessig withdrew their candidacies before the primaries due to low ratings. Martin O'Malley withdrew from the primaries after an unsuccessful debut in Iowa (the ex-governor gained only 1%).
As a result of the primaries, Clinton became the presumptive candidate, winning in 28 states (against 21 for Bernie Sanders), as well as all territories and the District of Columbia. On July 22, 2021, Hillary Clinton announced that Senator Timothy Kaine from Virginia would be the candidate for US Vice President from the Democratic Party.
Elections took place on November 8, 2021. Clinton was defeated, Donald Trump won[20][21], gaining 306 electoral votes against 232 for Hillary Clinton[22]. The Electoral College vote on December 19, 2021 certified 304 electoral votes for Trump and 227 for Clinton[22]. However, Clinton was ahead of Trump by almost 2.9 million popular votes, gaining 65.84 million to 62.98 million[23].
On September 12, 2021, Hillary Clinton’s book “What Happened” was published, dedicated to her participation in the presidential race.
In March 2021, the former US Secretary of State announced that she does not plan to run for the US presidency in 2021.
How to become Secretary of State?
In mid-November 2008, newly elected President Obama and Clinton considered the possibility of her serving as US Secretary of State in his administration. She was initially reluctant, but on November 20, 2008, she told Obama that she would accept the position. On December 1, President-elect Obama officially announced that Hillary would be his nominee for Secretary of State. Clinton said she doesn't want to leave the Senate but that the new position is a "challenging and exciting adventure."
As part of his candidacy and to address concerns about conflicts of interest, Bill Clinton has agreed to accept a number of conditions and restrictions regarding his ongoing activities and fundraising efforts for the William Clinton Foundation and the Clinton Global Initiative.
On January 13, 2009, a week before Obama's inauguration, Clinton's confirmation hearings began in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. By this time, her public approval rating had reached 65%, the highest since the Lewinsky scandal. On January 21, 2009, Clinton was confirmed in the Senate by a 94-2 vote. She took the oath of office as Secretary of State and resigned on the same day. She became the first former First Lady to serve in the United States Cabinet
2016 presidential election
In April 2015, Clinton announced she was entering the 2021 presidential race and immediately became the favorite to win the Democratic nomination.
As a former secretary of state, Hillary emphasized her foreign policy experience, and she supported a strong US presence abroad.
Although Clinton entered the February 2016 primary season with a number of issues surrounding her campaign, including an ongoing email scandal, by the following month she had emerged as the clear frontrunner. On June 7, 2021, Clinton sought the Democratic nomination after winning several states, particularly California. The following month, the FBI concluded an email review with Director James Comey, recommending no charges be brought against Clinton, although he said she had been “grossly careless” in handling classified material.
On July 26, 2021, she was named the party's nominee at the Democratic National Convention. Clinton's Republican opponent was Donald Trump, a businessman whose outsider status and political incorrectness helped him appeal to previously underserved voters and secure his party's nomination. As the two clashed, the campaign became increasingly negative and very vitriolic.
As Election Day approached, many polls showed Clinton with a significant lead, and she appeared to be making forays into traditionally Republican states. These polls failed to capture the support Trump enjoyed in several key Midwestern states, however, and on November 8, 2021, Clinton was defeated in her bid for the presidency. Although she won the popular vote by more than 2.8 million, she lost the Electoral College 227 to 304.
Personal life
In 1975, Miss Rodham married Bill in a small ceremony in Fayetteville, Arkansas. As Arkansas' first lady, she was a strong advocate for improving educational standards and access to health care. Their family became truly complete when their daughter Chelsea was born in 1980.
In 2014, Mrs. Clinton took on a new role: Charlotte's grandmother. In 2021, she welcomed another grandson, Aidan. Nothing makes her prouder and happier than spending time with her family.
