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Published: March 23, 2017
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Recently, there has been an ambiguous trend in the number of marriage unions registered by citizens of the Russian Federation who have not reached the age of majority.
There are many reasons leading to the need to enter into an alliance at an early age, however, how long-lasting such alliances will be is another question. Any legal state strives to consolidate and provide the opportunity for any categories of citizens to exercise their right to enter into marriage relations.
In the Russian Federation, there is a general age at which young people have the right to formalize marriage relations, while other persons who have not reached the established age can formalize their relationship only if certain conditions are met.
- Is it possible to get married before adulthood? Conditions for marriage before adulthood
- What documents are needed
- Restrictions on marriage
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Marriage age in Russia according to the Family Code
According to the RF IC, two people can get married when they turn 18 years old. When they reach this age, all restrictions on marriage are lifted.
But they can get married at the age of 16, or even earlier. They must have good reasons for this. They, in turn, should be named and confirmed by the local government located at the place of registration.
The important thing is that specific valid reasons are established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Therefore, to find out under what conditions it is possible to get married, a person must refer to the legislation of his region.
Is it possible to register a marriage at 16 years old?
As mentioned above, the corresponding action can be taken. It should be noted that in Russia, persons who have reached the age of 16 enter the age of sexual consent. It is interesting that in the Russian Federation people can legally secure the creation of a family, including at a younger age.
The conditions in such cases are also established by the subjects and are not regulated by federal legislation. Why does this vary by region? The fact is that Russia is a multinational country where different peoples live, differing from each other in culture.
In some states, it has historically been considered acceptable and normal for people to enter into marriage unions who are, for example, only 14 years old.
In order not to violate the traditions of the peoples living in the territories that are part of the Russian Federation, it was decided not to include in the Family Code valid reasons that allow minors to create a family.
What laws govern it?
The legislator regulates the process of obtaining a birth certificate through various regulations. If controversial issues arise, or if you want to clarify aspects of the procedure, you can always refer to these acts and get clarification.
The most important legal act regulating the basic provisions for its receipt as well as the activities of employees of the civil registry office (registry office) is the Federal Law of November 15, 1997 No. 143, which talks about acts of civil status.
This document describes the main provisions and stages of obtaining a birth certificate (Articles 9, 14, 15, 18 of Federal Law No. 143 of November 15, 1997).
In addition, provisions related to obtaining the first document for a baby can be found in the Family Code.
In this regulatory act you can find information about choosing a surname, patronymic, establishing paternity and other nuances of obtaining a certificate (Articles 58, 59 of the Family Code).
It is important to take the time to familiarize yourself with the Administrative Regulations, which were approved by Order of the Ministry of Justice No. 412 of November 29, 2011.
The regulations provide recommendations for employees of the civil registry office, but it will also be useful for new parents to familiarize themselves with the points in order to more clearly understand the information about the necessary papers, deadlines and actions .
Read on our website about how to register a baby at the place of residence of the mother or father, and also about whether it is possible to register him separately from his parents, for example, in his grandmother’s apartment.
What do you need to get married before the age of 18 in the Russian Federation?
The Family Code does not define specific valid reasons under which minors can register a marriage. They are formed in each region separately.
In most regions, valid reasons for marrying under 18 are the same:
- pregnancy;
- birth of a child;
- the presence of an established relationship between a man and a woman, etc.
The first two reasons are not particularly difficult to confirm. In the first case, you need to provide a certificate from a gynecologist, and in the second, a child’s birth certificate. In the third, as a rule, you need to undergo an interview.
For all others, check with the registry office. Based on the reasons presented, the local government will give its consent to the applicants to officially register the family, or refuse. Persons over 16 years of age must not ask their parents or guardians for permission to marry. For younger teenagers it is mandatory.
As for acceptable reasons for underage marriage, the list is usually smaller. Just as in the case of 16- and 17-year-olds, such is the bearing or birth of a child. To these are added existing threats to the life of one of the parties. But again, the specific list is determined by the legislation of the region.
Unlike persons over 16 years of age, the issue of marriage of minors, as a rule, is not considered by local government. For example, in the Moscow region this is done by the government of the Moscow Region.
If there is a conflict between those wishing to get married and the parents of one or both parties, the guardianship authority enters into this dispute. In particular, an application and accompanying documents must be submitted to it.
If minors wishing to get married are confident that government authorities will allow them to do so, they must submit a proper application to the registry office. After this, they will need to pay a fee, the amount of which is 350 rubles.
The full list of documents required to obtain registration is as follows:
- the statement already mentioned above;
- receipt of payment of state duty;
- papers confirming the presence of valid reasons (for example, a certificate from a gynecologist);
- photocopies of passports;
- written consent from parents (required for minors, but preferably also for those over 16 years of age);
- certificates from work or study.
After submitting the necessary documents to government authorities, a decision will be made within a month. The specific period depends on the speed of the registry office. Thus, in the Moscow region, the average paper processing time is 3 weeks.
The issued decision is one-time only. That is, if the married couple decide to dissolve the union and then get married again before turning 18, they will again have to go through the procedure in question.
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Reasons for getting married before 18 years of age
Marriage of minors is possible only if there are compelling reasons. The main ones include:
- pregnancy confirmed by a certificate from a medical institution;
- the birth of a common child to a couple. In fact, a marriage of minors can be registered even if the child is not biologically common, it is important that the future spouse recognizes paternity;
- there is a real threat to the life and health of one of the parties. It must also be confirmed by a certificate from a medical institution;
- a long business trip of one of the parties or the presence of an order to be sent to a duty station located at a considerable distance. Returning to the question of whether it is possible to get married at 17 years old, it must be said that this reason will be quite valid. If the age of one of the future newlyweds is 16 years old, then the registry office employees will be able to refuse to register the marriage, citing the fact that in the next 2 years the seconded party will probably have time for a wedding.
At the age of 16 you can get married without waiting the month prescribed in the Family Code of the Russian Federation. The presence of all the above valid reasons automatically reduces the waiting period to a maximum of 2-3 working days. The marriage will be registered as soon as possible. Most often this happens on the day the application is submitted.
What rights and responsibilities are assigned to minor spouses?
Persons under 18 years of age, after marriage, become equal before the law to those who did so at a later age.
The list of all responsibilities can be found in articles 61 to 79 IC . They detail what spouses can and should do.
But at the same time, minors who get married acquire rights and responsibilities not only in their family life, but also in all other areas of it.
For example, after this they begin to bear responsibility for administratively and criminally punishable acts (for example, causing harm). In fact, after marriage, teenagers become adults.
Spouses cannot remove their adult status, including if they divorce before they turn 18. The exception is deregistration, but this process is quite complex and time-consuming.
Rules and terms
Registration of a child's birth certificate takes from three to seven working days , holidays and weekends are not included in this number.
If the parents are registered not in the area where the registration office is located, but in another city or even region, then the time to receive it may increase due to the fact that the civil registry office will send relevant requests, which should receive answers at your place of registration, and it takes time.
The procedure for obtaining a document is absolutely free and does not require any material costs on the part of new parents. There is no state fee for registration.
However, if a child’s certificate is issued within a month, and therefore registration is not obtained, the parents will be fined in the amount of one and a half to two and a half thousand rubles.
What papers are issued after registration? After registration, all the papers you left will be returned to you, and you will also be given a completely new paper - a child’s birth certificate .
In order for the papers to be issued without claims, you will need to provide a previously issued certificate of delivery of papers to the registry office.
