Ernest Hemingway: biography, personal life, cause of death of the writer, photos and interesting facts

Ernest Hemingway - biography

Ernest Hemingway is a classic of world literature of American origin. Unlike his contemporaries, who relied more on theoretical knowledge, the writer was guided by his own experience. He didn't come up with much.

The writer took his characters, situations and facts from real life. In his creative activity, he was helped by intuition, which is difficult to find, as well as the ability to notice the peculiarities of human behavior.

The biography of Ernest Hemingway is a complex kaleidoscope and includes many episodes. He managed to work as a journalist and police correspondent.

Together with his father, he hunted for a long time, was often in nature, managed to take part in the First World War in various capacities, received serious injuries and got out.

It was as if a busy life itself offered plots for works, as well as ready-made characters. Among other things, Hemingway was a very loving man. And the women answered him the same.

He was married four times, making almost every lover a prototype for some character.

In the end, trauma, as well as the experiences of past years, affected the writer’s mental health. Hemingway's story ended tragically, he committed suicide after severe depression.

Content

Ernest Hemingway: biography

Nobel Prize winner Hemingway was the most translated foreign writer into Russian during the Soviet Union. Ernest’s works were published in the magazines “30 Days”, “Abroad”, “International Literature”, etc., and in European countries this gifted man was called “the number one master of the pen.”

The great writer was born in America, on the southwestern coast of Lake Michigan, not far from the cultural capital of the Midwest - Chicago, in the provincial town of Oak Park. Ernest was the second child of six children. The boy was raised by parents who were far from literary art, but wealthy: the popular performer Mrs. Grace Hall, who had retired from the stage, and Mr. Clarence Edmont Hemingway, who devoted his life to medicine and natural history.

Family portrait of Ernest Hemingway

It is worth saying that Miss Hall was a unique woman. Before her marriage, she delighted many cities in the United States with her sonorous voice, but left the singing field due to intolerance to stage light. After leaving, Hall blamed everyone for her failure, but not herself. Having accepted Hemingway’s marriage proposal, this interesting woman lived with him all her life, devoting her time to raising children.

Ernest Hemingway as a child

But even after marriage, Grace remained a strange and eccentric young lady. Ernest was born until he was four years old in girls' dresses and with bows on his head because Mrs. Hemingway wanted a girl, but the second child was a boy.

In his free time, general practitioner Clarence loved to go hiking, hunting and fishing with his son. When Ernest was 3 years old, he got his own fishing rod. Later, childhood impressions associated with nature will be reflected in Hemingway's stories.

Mom dressed Ernest Hemingway as a girl

In his youth, Khem (the writer's nickname) voraciously read classical literature and composed stories. While at school, Ernest made his debut in a local newspaper as a journalist: he wrote notes about past events, concerts and sports competitions.

Although Ernest attended the local Oak Park school, his works often describe northern Michigan, a picturesque place where he went on summer vacation in 1916. After this trip, Ernie wrote a hunting story, “Sepi Zhingan.”

Ernest Hemingway fishing

Among other things, the future laureate in literature had excellent sports training: he was fond of football, swimming and boxing, which played a cruel joke on the talented young man. Due to the injury, Hem was practically blind in his left eye and also damaged his left ear. For this reason, in the future the young man was not accepted into the army for a long time.

Ernest Hemingway in his youth

Ernie wanted to become a writer, but his parents had other plans for their son's future. Clarence dreamed that his son would follow in his father’s footsteps and graduate from medical school, and Grace wanted to raise a second Schubert or Beethoven, imposing on her child the music lessons he hated. This mother’s whim affected Khem’s studies, as he missed a whole year of compulsory classes, studying the cello every day. “She thought I had abilities, but I had no talent,” said the elderly writer in the future.

Ernest Hemingway in the army

After graduating from high school, Ernest, disobeying his parents, did not go to university, but began to master the art of journalism in the city newspaper of Kansas, The Kansas City Star. At work, police reporter Hemingway encountered such social phenomena as deviant behavior, dishonor, crime and the corruption of women; he visited crime scenes, fires, and visited various prisons. However, this dangerous profession helped Ernest in literature, because he constantly observed the behavior of people and their everyday dialogues, devoid of metaphorical delights.

Childhood and youth

Ernest Miller Hemingway (full name) was born on July 21, 1899 in the small town of Oak Park, which was located a few kilometers from Chicago.

The writer's family was quite wealthy; the man came from an intelligent environment. At the same time, no one had anything to do with the world of professional literature.

His father, whose name was Clarence Hemingway, worked as a doctor and graduated from a medical school. He was a stern, broad-shouldered man. Silent and sometimes reserved.

According to the recollections of the writer himself, he always kept children under great strictness and could use his leather belt for disobedience.

Hemingway (right) with his parents, brother and sisters

The writer's mother, Grace Hall, was the complete opposite of her father. A strange, eccentric woman, she appeared on stage for a long time and worked as an opera singer. However, she could not stand the bright light of the spotlights. Moreover, despite her strong and beautiful singing voice, the woman did not like to go out and perform in front of many people at the same time.

Ultimately, she left the creative profession. In the future, she often and often blamed others for the inglorious end of her career.

Grace's behavior also affected her family. Ernest was the second child (the couple raised six in total). The mother really wanted a girl. Therefore, for the first four years, she constantly dressed Hemingway in dresses, tied a lush bow on his head and called him “doll.”

Ernest Hemingway as a child in a dress

It is interesting that despite his young age, the writer remembered these times well. Subsequently, stories about the powerlessness of the protagonist, who is trying to regain his masculinity, appeared more than once as a leitmotif in various works of the writer.

As soon as the boy turned 4 years old, he began to dress according to his gender. The mother continued to take care of the family and children.

My father was keen on fishing, hunting, and often went on nature hikes. He invariably took Ernest on his forays. And from the very first years of life. At three years old the boy received his own fishing rod. These impressions played a big role in the writer’s further creative career.

Ernest Hemingway with a fishing rod 1904

He devoted a lot of literary time to the topic of nature and man’s relationship to it.

During his school years, Ernest Hemingway became addicted to reading. He liked both classical and contemporary literature. Gradually he began to write himself.

So far, these have not been independent works of fiction, but short essays about interesting events that occurred in the writer’s hometown.

In 1916, the young man visited Michigan. He was greatly impressed by the local nature. So much so that he sat down to write a new work. It was the hunting story “Sepi Zhingan”.

The future writer grew up to be a versatile, multifaceted personality. Sport was of great importance in his life. He was interested in swimming and football. But he showed special interest in boxing.

Martial arts played a cruel joke on Hemingway. One day, after another fight in the ring, he suffered brain damage. After which I practically stopped hearing with my left ear and seeing with one eye.

By the way, this injury made itself felt for a long time and became the reason why they did not want to take the young man into the army when the First World War began.

Hemingway also studied music. My mother insisted on studying. She persistently taught her son to play the cello. It got to the point that the boy did not go to school, skipping classes for the next home rehearsal.

The young man obeyed the will of his mother. Although in reality Hemingway hated these activities. Fate did not endow him with a natural gift, as well as a love for music. However, knowledge of the basic principles of solfeggio and theory helped him in his literary work.

It was thanks to his understanding of the movement of music that he could control the rhythm of the narrative, which he used more than once in his works.

During his school years, Ernest Hemingway firmly decided that he wanted to connect his life with literature. My parents were categorically against this.

The father insisted that his son enter a medical school and become a doctor.
And the mother - so that the young man develops as a professional musician.

In those years, the future writer did not argue and continued his studies.

After school, Ernest Hemingway refuses to follow the wishes of his parents. He chooses his own path and gets a job at a city newspaper in Kansas.

Hemingway in his youth

Very soon he received the position of police correspondent. During his work, Hemingway encountered all the delights of the downside of society: death, the criminal world, prostitution, drugs.

Due to the nature of his work, he visited prisons, crime scenes, and fires. However, oddly enough, he liked this work. He actively studied and adopted the personal characteristics of law enforcement officers, criminals, listened to and memorized dialogues, and the manner of speech of the people around him.

In the future, this is what helped him create interesting characters and plots.

Literature

After participating in military battles in 1919, the classic moved to Canada and returned to journalism. His new employer was the editors of the Toronto Star newspaper, which allowed the gifted young man to write materials on any topic. However, not all of the reporter’s works were published.

Writer Ernest Hemingway

In 1821, after his marriage, Ernest Hemingway fulfilled his dream and moved to the city of love - Paris. Later, impressions of France will be reflected in the book of memoirs “A holiday that is always with you.”

Ernest Hemingway on the hunt

There he met Sylvia Beach, the eminent owner of the Shakespeare and Company bookstore, which was located not far from the Seine. This woman had enormous influence in the literary circle, because it was she who published James Joyce’s scandalous novel “Ulysses,” which was banned by censors in the United States.

Ernest Hemingway and Sylvia Beach outside Shakespeare and Company

Hemingway also became friends with the famous writer Gertrude Stein, who was wiser and more experienced than Hem and considered him her student all her life. The extravagant woman disdained the creativity of journalists and insisted that Ernie be involved in literary activities as much as possible.

Triumph came to the master of the pen in the fall of 1926 after the publication of the novel “The Sun Also Rises” (“Fiesta”) about the “lost generation.” The main character Jake Barnes (Hemingway's prototype) fought for his homeland. But during the war he received a serious injury, which forced him to change his attitude towards life and women. Therefore, his love for Lady Brett Ashley was platonic in nature, and Jake healed his emotional wounds with the help of alcohol.

Books by Ernest Hemingway

In 1929, Hemingway wrote the immortal novel “A Farewell to Arms!”, which to this day is included in the required list of literature for study in schools and higher educational institutions. In 1933, the master composed a collection of short stories, “The Winner Takes Nothing,” and in 1936, Esquire magazine published Hemingway’s famous work “The Snows of Kilimanjaro,” which tells about the writer Harry Smith, who is looking for the meaning of life while traveling on safari. Four years later, the war work “For Whom the Bell Tolls” was released.

Ernest Hemingway at work

In 1949, Ernest moved to sunny Cuba, where he continued to study literature. In 1952 he wrote the philosophical and religious story “The Old Man and the Sea,” for which he was awarded the Pulitzer and Nobel Prizes.

Writer at the front

In 1917, near the end of World War I, the United States takes part in the fighting. Young people are being called to the front.

Hemingway, being a romantic nature, goes to the assembly points in the first rows. However, due to a long-standing head injury, he was categorically refused to be drafted. The young man does not give up. He goes to the front as a Red Cross volunteer.

Hemingway at the front

His first place of service was a small detachment in a provincial town. However, the young man did not see real combat. Although this is exactly what he was counting on.

In 1918, Hemingway was transferred to the position of ambulance driver. His task is to transport food directly to the front line.

Just a few months later, Hemingway, by chance, saves a helpless sniper. However, he comes under fire from an Austrian machine gunner and himself receives terrible wounds.

The young man is sent for treatment to Milan. Here he is in the hospital for some time. Several dozen fragments are removed from Hemingway's body. Replace the damaged kneecap with a prosthesis.

Hemingway in the hospital

After a long period of treatment, in 1919 the man returned back to the United States. For his valor, he receives a reward from the King of Italy. And also the Military Cross.

Upon arrival, he was greeted like a true hero.

Creation

Soon after returning to his native country, Hemingway leaves. Canada becomes his new place of residence. Here he gets a job as a journalist in one of the publications.

After a short period of time, the writer returns to the USA. He quarrels strongly with his mother, takes all his things and moves to Chicago, which is located not far from the writer’s hometown.

Here he finds work in a newspaper and at the same time continues to collaborate with the Canadian publication.

In 1921, Hemingway married. Together with his wife, he moves to Paris. The writer expresses his impressions from this period of his life in his memoirs entitled “A Holiday that is Always with You.”

After some time, the man meets the eccentric writer Gertrude Stein. It was she who gave Hemingway the idea that he needed to realize himself in the field of literature, not journalism. Oddly enough, the man heeded this advice.

The creative biography of Ernest Hemingway began in 1926. The first well-deserved fame comes to him. The novel “The Sun Also Rises” becomes his debut in great literature. The writer acted as the prototype of the main character.

A few years later, the writer created a work that is still considered his calling card. We are talking about the novel “A Farewell to Arms!”

Ernest Hemingway in Cuba 1934

Later, the writer also worked on small forms. Prepares stories and novellas. The most outstanding work was published in 1952. It was the philosophical story “The Old Man and the Sea”.

E. Hemingway “The Old Man and the Sea” audiobook

For a relatively short story that was loved by critics, Ernest Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.

Hemingway's adult years

In Kansas, Ernest worked as a police reporter. He visited crime scenes and often encountered meanness and human atrocities.

During these years, Ernest began to better understand people, their habits, motives and desires. This invaluable experience helped him become an even more successful publicist.

In 1919, the guy moved to Canada. Ernest worked there for a short time. A strong quarrel with his mother prompted Ernest to take things from his father's house to move to Chicago.

There, the journalist continued to collaborate with Canadian newspapers remotely and worked as a local publicist. Hemingway married in 1821 and then moved with his wife to Paris. The famous city of love made an indelible impression on Ernest.

In Paris, Ernest met Sylvia Beach, who had enormous influence in literary circles. This friendship brought the man many bonuses, allowing him to join the ranks of the Parisian literary bohemia.

In Paris, Ernest met another writer, Gertrude Stein. This woman had enormous life experience. It was she who helped Hemingway leave journalism and take up literature.

In Paris, the aspiring writer created a number of works that were included in the treasury of World Literature. The author extolled Paris in his works until his death.

Personal life

The writer was a rather loving man. I often fell in love. At the same time, the women reciprocated his feelings. The writer had many novels.

Ernest Hemingway himself had the image of a ladies' man who had fun with ladies of easy virtue. However, whether everything he said about himself is really true remains a mystery.

Despite the kaleidoscope of ladies in the writer’s personal biography, there were only a few major hobbies in his life.

The man's first chosen one was nurse Agnes von Kurowski. It was she who helped Hemingway recover from a serious wound in a military hospital. She was 7 years older than the young man.

At some point, the woman actually intended to marry the writer. But very soon she became interested in the young lieutenant, with whom she decided to connect her life.

Ernest Hemingway's first official wife was pianist Elizabeth Hadley Richardson.

Ernest Hemingway and his first wife Elizabeth Hadley

The woman could not boast of either aristocratic manners or great beauty. However, she supported her husband throughout the years. She tried to make his work easier and even gave Hemingway a typewriter as a gift.

After marriage, the couple settled in Paris. They lived quite modestly. The union produced a son named John Hadley Nicanor.

Hemiway with his son John

The writer often visited small restaurants. Very soon he became interested in Duff Twisden. A local socialite. The lady did not have good manners, behaved rudely and defiantly, swore and drank a lot.

However, it was precisely this kind of extravagance that men liked. Including the writer himself. Nothing serious came of this hobby.

Ernest Hemingway's second wife is a friend of his wife named Paulina Pfeiffer. She did not have to forcibly take her husband away from her friend. He himself showed interest.

Hemingway soon divorced his second wife and entered into a new official union. The wife gave birth to two children to the writer. Gregory and Patrick.

Ernest Hemiway and Pauline Pfeiffer

In the late 30s, a man meets Martha Gellhorn on his way. She worked as a correspondent and met the writer completely by accident.

Inspired by the meeting, the man divorces his second wife. In 1940, she and Gellhorn got married. However, a lasting alliance does not work out.

Hemingway, accustomed to the complaisance of women, never expected the serious pressure of his new passion. Meanwhile, Martha had a strong character and was very headstrong.

Ernest Hemingway and his third wife Martha

The union lasted 5 years. The last chosen one and official wife of the writer was Mary Welsh. She, like his second wife, supported Hemingway in everything. She helped him until the very end.

The last serious hobby of the writer was the young girl Adriana Ivancic. However, the man was several decades older than her. The person saw him as a father at best.

Ernest Hemingway with his fourth wife Mary Welsh

The fourth wife was calm about her husband’s affairs on the side. She knew her husband too well and understood that his interest faded as quickly as it flared up. For many years she adhered to this position, which helped save the marriage.

Ernest HemingwayErnest Miller Hemingway

American writer. Journalist. Nobel Prize Laureate. Known for his novels. His style, concise and intense, significantly influenced the literature of the 20th century. He was the most translated foreign writer into Russian during the Soviet Union. His works were published in the magazines “30 days”, “Abroad”, “International literature”, and in European countries this gifted man was called “the number one master of the pen”.

Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, USA. The boy was the second child of six children. The child was raised by parents who were far from literary art, but wealthy: the popular performer Mrs. Grace Hall, who had retired from the stage, and Mr. Clarence Edmont Hemingway, who devoted his life to medicine and natural history.

In his youth, Ernest voraciously read classical literature and composed stories. While at school, he made his debut in a local newspaper as a journalist: he wrote notes about past events, concerts and sports competitions. Although Hemingway studied at a local school in Oak Park, in his works he often describes northern Michigan: the place where he went on summer vacation in 1916. After this trip, he wrote the hunting story “Sepi Zhingan”.

The young man had excellent sports training: he was fond of football, swimming and boxing, which played a cruel joke on him. Due to the injury, Hemingway was practically blind in his left eye and also damaged his ear. For this reason, he was not accepted into the army for a long time.

Ernest wanted to become a writer, but his parents had other plans for their son's future. His father dreamed that he would follow in his footsteps and graduate from medical school, and his mother wanted to raise a second Schubert or Beethoven, imposing on her child the music lessons he hated. This mother’s whim affected Hemingway’s studies, as he missed a whole year of compulsory classes, studying the cello every day.

After graduating from high school, Ernest, disobeying his parents, did not go to university, but began to master the art of journalism in the city newspaper of Kansas, The Kansas City Star. At work, police reporter Hemingway encountered such social phenomena as deviant behavior, dishonor, crime and the corruption of women. The journalist visited crime scenes, fires, and visited various prisons. However, this dangerous profession helped Ernest in literature, because he constantly observed the behavior of people and their everyday dialogues, devoid of metaphorical delights.

After participating in the battles of 1919, the classic moved to Canada and returned to journalism. His new employer was the editors of the Toronto Star newspaper, which allowed him to write on any topic. However, not all of the reporter’s works were published.

After a quarrel with his mother, Hemingway took things from his native Oak Park and moved to Chicago. There the writer continued to collaborate with Canadian newspapermen and at the same time published notes in the Co-operative Commonwealth. In 1821, after his marriage, Ernest fulfilled his dream and moved to the city of love: Paris. Later, impressions of France will be reflected in the book of memoirs “A holiday that is always with you.”

In France, Hemingway became friends with the famous writer Gertrude Stein, who was wiser and more experienced than Hem and considered him her student all her life. The extravagant woman disdained the creativity of journalists and insisted that Ernie be involved in literary activities as much as possible.

The writer's triumph came in the fall of 1926 after the publication of the novel “The Sun Also Rises” about the “Lost Generation.” The main character, Jake Barnes, fought for his homeland, but was injured during the war, which forced him to change his attitude towards life and women. Therefore, his love for Lady Brett Ashley was platonic in nature, and he healed his emotional wounds with the help of alcohol.

In 1929, Hemingway wrote the immortal novel “A Farewell to Arms!”, which to this day is included in the required reading list for study in schools and higher educational institutions. In 1933, the master composed a collection of short stories, “The Winner Takes Nothing,” and in 1936, Esquire magazine published Hemingway’s work “The Snows of Kilimanjaro,” which tells about the writer Harry Smith, who searches for the meaning of life while traveling on safari. Four years later, the war work “For Whom the Bell Tolls” was released.

Ernest moved to sunny Cuba in 1949, where he continued to study literature. Two years later, he wrote the philosophical and religious story “The Old Man and the Sea,” for which he received the Pulitzer and Nobel Prizes.

Fate constantly tested Ernest's resilience: Hemingway survived five accidents and seven catastrophes, and was treated for bruises, fractures and a concussion. He also managed to recover from anthrax, skin cancer and malaria.

Shortly before his death, Ernest suffered from hypertension and diabetes, but was admitted to the Mayo Psychiatric Dispensary for “cure.” The writer’s condition only worsened, and he also suffered from manic paranoia about being watched. These thoughts drove Hemingway crazy: it seemed to him that every room, wherever he was, was equipped with bugs, and vigilant agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation were following everywhere on his heels.

The clinic doctors treated the master in the “classical way”, resorting to electroconvulsive therapy. After 13 sessions, therapists made it impossible for Hemingway to write because his vivid memories had been erased by electric shock. The treatment did not help, Ernest plunged deeper into depression and obsessive thoughts, talking about suicide.

Ernest Hemingway committed suicide on July 2, 1961, at his home. The writer shot himself with his favorite W.&C. Scott & Son" model "Monte Carlo B". He was buried in his beloved Sun Valley near the town of Ketchum, Idaho, USA.

Ernest Hemingway Family

Father - Clarence Edmont Hemingway, who devoted his life to medicine and natural history. Mother: Grace Hall, singer.

Ernest's first lover was the lovely nurse Agnes von Kurowski, who treated the writer in the hospital for his wounds during the First World War. It was this light-eyed beauty who became the prototype of Catherine Barkley from the novel “A Farewell to Arms!” Agnes was seven years older than her chosen one and had maternal feelings for him, calling him “baby” in her letters. The young people thought of legitimizing their relationship with a wedding, but their plans were not destined to come true, as the flighty girl fell in love with a noble lieutenant.

The second chosen one of the literary genius was a certain red-haired pianist Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, who was eight years older than the writer. She may not have been a beauty like Agnes, but this woman supported Ernest in every possible way in his activities and even gave him a typewriter. After the wedding, the newlyweds moved to Paris, where at first they lived from hand to mouth. Elizabeth gave birth to Hema's first child, John Hadley Nicanor ("Bumby").

In 1927, Ernest began to become involved with Pauline Pfeiffer, Elisabeth's friend. Paulina did not value her friendship with the writer’s wife, but on the contrary, she did everything to win someone else’s man. Pfeiffer was pretty and worked for the fashion magazine Vogue. Later, Ernest will say that a divorce from Richardson will be the greatest sin of his entire life: he loved Paulina, but was not truly happy with her. From his second marriage, Hemingway had two children - Patrick and Gregory.

The third wife of the laureate was the famous US correspondent Martha Gellhorn. The adventurous blonde loved hunting and was not afraid of difficulties: she often covered important political news happening in the country and did dangerous journalistic work. Having achieved a divorce from Paulina in 1940, Ernest proposes to Martha. However, soon the newlyweds’ relationship “came apart at the seams,” since Gellhorn was too independent, and Hemingway loved to dominate women.

Hemingway's fourth wife is journalist Mary Welsh. This radiant blonde supported Ernest’s talent throughout the marriage, and also helped with publishing efforts, becoming her husband’s personal secretary.

In 1947 in Vienna, a 48-year-old writer falls in love with Adriana Ivancic, a girl 30 years younger than him. Hemingway was attracted to the white-skinned aristocrat, but Ivancic treated the author of the stories like a father, maintaining friendly relations. Mary knew about her husband’s hobby, but she acted calmly and wisely as a woman, knowing that the fire that arose in Hemingway’s chest could not be extinguished by any means.

Ernest Hemingway Awards

Bronze Star Silver Medal for Military Valor Knight of the National Order Carlos Manuel de Cespedes Nobel Prize in Literature Winner Pulitzer Prize Winner Bancarella Prize

The works of Ernest Hemingway

Novels

1926 - Spring Waters (English) Russian. / The Torrents of Spring 1926 - The Sun Also Rises (Fiesta) / The Sun Also Rises 1929 - Farewell to Arms! / A Farewell to Arms 1937 - To Have and Have Not / To Have and Have Not 1940 - For Whom the Bell Tolls / For Whom the Bell Tolls 1950 - Across the River, in the Shade of the Trees / Across the River and Into the Trees 1952 - The Old Man and the Sea (story) / The Old Man and the Sea 1970 - Islands in the Ocean / Islands in the Stream 1986 - Garden of Eden / The Garden of Eden 1999 - A Glimmer of Truth / True at First Light

Collections

1923 - Three Stories and Ten Poems 1925 - In Our Time 1927 - Men Without Women 1933 - Winner Take Nothing 1936 - The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories 1938 - The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories 1969 - The Fifth Column and four stories about the Spanish Civil War 1972 - The Nick Adams Stories 1987 - Collection of short stories Ernest Hemingway / The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway 1995 - “Ernest Hemingway. Collected Works / The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway

Documentary prose

1932 - Death in the Afternoon 1935 - Green Hills of Africa 1962 - Hemingway, The Wild Years 1964 - A Holiday That's Always With You / A Moveable Feast 1967 - “By-Line: Ernest Hemingway” / By-Line: Ernest Hemingway 1970 - “Ernest Hemingway. Cuban Reporter / Ernest Hemingway: Cub Reporter 1981 - Ernest Hemingway. Selected Letters / Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917-1961 1985 - The Dangerous Summer 1985 - Dateline: Toronto / Dateline: Toronto 2000 - Hemingway on Fishing 2005 - Under Kilimanjaro / Under Kilimanjaro

Film adaptations

A Farewell to Arms! (film) (USA, 1932) For Whom the Bell Tolls (film) (USA, 1943) To Have and Have Not (film) (USA, 1944) The Killers (film) (USA, 1946) The Macomber Case (USA, 1946) 1947) The Snows of Kilimanjaro (film) (USA, 1952) Assassins (film) (USSR, 1956, short film: 19 minutes) The Sun Also Rises (film) (USA, 1957) A Farewell to Arms! (film) (USA, 1957) The Old Man and the Sea (film) (USA, 1958) The Killers (film) (USA, 1964) Fiesta (film-play) (USSR, 1971) In Love and War based on the novel “ A Farewell to Arms!" (USA, 1996) The Old Man and the Sea (cartoon) (Canada-Russia-Japan, 1999) The Old Man and the Sea (film) (Russia, 2006) - duration of the performance BDT 01:32:28 Garden of Eden (film) (2008 year) Shal (Old Man) (Kazakhstan, 2012)

Memory of Ernest Hemingway

In 1989, Henry S. Willard and James Nagel published the nonfiction novel Hemingway in Love and War: The Lost Diary of Agnes von Kurowski. The book is based on Agnes's letters, as well as Ernest's own correspondence, and tells the story of their romantic relationship during the First World War. American Red Cross nurse Agnes von Kurowski served as the inspiration for Catherine Barclay, the heroine of Hemingway's largely autobiographical novel A Farewell to Arms. In 1996, based on the book by Willard and Nagel, Richard Attenborough made the film “In Love and War,” in which the young Hemingway was played by Chris O'Donnell.

In 1996, Russian journalist and writer Igor Mikhailov made a documentary film “Hemingway’s Paris”, telling about the writer’s favorite places in Paris.

In 2011, a documentary film from the series “More Than Love” was shot (Kultura TV channel and Fishka-Film Studio LLC, Russia, Moscow): Ernest Hemingway and Mary Welsh. “The Old Man and Mary: The Last Night of Ernest Hemingway” (director - Irina Evteeva).

In 2014, Igor Mikhailov published the documentary novel “Romancing the Life of Ernest Hemingway” at the Khudozhestvennaya Literatura publishing house.

Cuban writer Leonardo Padura takes up the theme of Hemingway's life on the island in the fictional novel Goodbye Hemingway!

As a literary character in fiction, Ernest Hemingway appears in a number of fiction novels by the American journalist and writer Craig MacDonald.

In the 1960s, in Sasovo, Ryazan region, Cuban flight school cadets erected a monument to Ernest Hemingway.

A number of cinematic works are dedicated to the life of the writer. In 1996, the film “In Love and War”, directed by Richard Attenborough, was released, based on real events described by the writer in the novel “A Farewell to Arms!” Directed by Philip Kaufman, Hemingway and Gellhorn (2012), starring Nicole Kidman and Clive Owen, tells the story of the relationship between Ernest Hemingway and his third wife, Martha Gellhorn, who inspired him to write For Whom the Bell Tolls. The image of the writer has been repeatedly used in feature films - as a cameo character, Hemingway appears in the film “The Modernists” by Alan Rudolph, “Midnight in Paris” by Woody Allen, “Genius” by Michael Grandage, in several episodes of the television series “The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles” (actor Jay Underwood).

Postal services in different countries have repeatedly issued stamps dedicated to Hemingway: Cuba (1963, 1972, 1999, 2010, 2013, 2016), Czechoslovakia (1968), Paraguay (1977), Guinea-Bissau (1977), Central African Empire (1977), USA (1989), Sweden (1990), Democratic Republic of the Congo (2001), Guinea (2007), Republic of Macedonia (2011), Vietnam (2011), Togo (2011), Sierra Leone (2017).

The asteroid (3656) Hemingway is named in his honor.
30.04.2020

The end of life's journey

Ernest Hemingway came close to death many times. I got into accidents and got injured. At the same time, fate, it would seem, protected him from all adversity. However, at the end of his life, she played a cruel joke on him.

Shortly before his death, the writer was diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension. Specialists insisted that he go to the Mayo Clinic for examination.

Ernest Hemingway at the Mayo Clinic

During the writer's stay within the walls of the hospital, he suffered from insanity. It seemed to him as if FBI agents were following on his heels, looking through his letters, studying his bank accounts.

Paranoia and mental disorder forced doctors to transfer the writer to the hands of psychiatrists.

In those years, one of the few ways to eliminate mental illnesses was electroconvulsive therapy. Hemingway received 13 sessions of this “treatment” and left the clinic as a mentally crippled person. He was unable to write: the man experienced deep memory lapses.

After leaving the hospital, the writer tried to commit suicide several times. But they managed to stop him.

Finally, the attempt was successful. Hemingway died on July 2, 1961. The writer committed suicide in his own home. He shot himself with his favorite gun, following the sad example of his brother, sister and father - they all committed suicide.

The reasons for the fatal step are still unknown. The man did not leave a note.

Hemingway was buried in a cemetery in Ketchum, Idaho, next to the grave of Taylor Williams, a friend and hunting and fishing partner who had died two years earlier.

Ernest Hemingway's grave

Counterintelligence

Returning to the topic “Ernest Hemingway: a short biography”, it must be noted that in 1941 the writer will go to Baltimore, where he will buy a large sea boat “Pilar” and go fishing.

In 1941-1943 in Cuba, Ernest would engage in counterintelligence against Nazi spies. On his boat he will chase German submarines in the Caribbean Sea. Then he will leave for London to continue his work as a journalist.

In 1944, Ernest Hemingway will take part in combat missions in the skies over Germany. In Normandy he will participate in a reconnaissance mission, and then lead a detachment of 200 French partisans fighting for Paris, Alsace, Belgium, etc.

In 1949, he will go to live in Cuba, where he will work a lot. In 1952, he wrote his famous work “The Old Man and the Sea.” A year later he will receive a Pulitzer Prize for it. The same work would push him to receive the Nobel Prize in 1954. In 1956, he began working on the autobiographical book “The Holiday That Is Always With You,” but it would not be published until after the writer’s death.

Interesting Facts

As researchers of the writer’s life say, apparently, the obsession with surveillance was not so crazy. Hemingway actually had FBI agents keeping an eye on him. This fact has been documented.
The man suffered many fatal diseases: from skin cancer to malaria. But every time he managed to get out.
Hemingway was a famous cat person. At one point, there were 20 cats living in his house.

Ernest Hemingway with cats

The writer really did not like giving autographs and speaking in public.
During his creative history, the writer created 7 novels, 6 collections of short prose, as well as several popular science works.
The writer preferred to work while standing. I could spend the whole day on my feet.

Ernest Hemingway. Nobel with Dmitry Bykov.

After the war

In 1945, Hemingway returned to Cuba , where he had a home. Over the next three years, he wrote mainly stories.
In 1949, he began work on the novel Across the River, in the Shade of the Trees , which was published in 1950.
In 1951, Hemingway began writing The Old Man and the Sea , which was published in 1952. For this work, the writer was awarded the Pulitzer Prize , and in 1954 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature .
From 1955 to 1960, the writer worked on the books “African Diary” and “ A Holiday that is Always With You”
At the end of 1960 he moved to the USA. From that time on, suffering from several illnesses, the writer fell into depression, which developed into mental illness . Treatment at the clinic did not produce positive results.
On July 2, 1961, Hemingway shot himself at his home in Ketchum. He did not leave a suicide note, so it is believed that the shot was fired accidentally while cleaning the gun. The writer was buried in a local cemetery.