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Vysotsky's parents met in 1936. At first, the family lived in Novosibirsk and, two years later, moved to Moscow. Here Vladimir was born in 1938, on January 25. Vladimir Semenovich’s father chose the army as his life’s work, and in those years his career was just beginning. Mom, Nina Maksimovna, was a German translator by training and had good prospects in the profession. The month of his son’s birth fell during Semyon Vysotsky’s service in the Soviet troops. He returned home only two years later.
In 1941, Semyon Vladimirovich was mobilized again, and Vladimir’s mother and her son were sent to the rear in the Urals. Little Volodya and his mother Nina Maksimovna returned from evacuation only in 1943. As it turned out, during their absence, the father managed to acquire a new lady of his heart. The relationship between Vysotsky’s parents became more and more tense every day, and a decision was made to divorce.
Semyon Vladimirovich’s new chosen one was called Evgenia Stepanovna Likhalatova. The couple moved to live on Bolshoi Karetny Lane. Later, Vladimir Vysotsky will remember him in his songs.
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Court
Over time, Nina Maksimovna remarried a foreign language teacher, Grigory Bantosh. From the first day, the new husband could not find a common language with his stepson. Vladimir became interested in yard company, just to be at home less often and not see his mother’s new husband. The poet's contemporaries recall that Vysotsky always spoke poorly of his stepfather, and at the same time never pitied his mother. Gregory suffered from alcoholism and was constantly in a drunken state. Nina Maksimovna preferred not to notice his sad situation and pretended that her husband drank as much as others. The situation in the family became dangerous for the boy, who was moving more and more away from Nina Maksimovna.
Vladimir Vysotsky's father was aware of the tense situation in the family where his son grew up. Evgenia Likhalatova did not have children from Semyon Vysotsky and it was decided to sue the child from Nina Maksimovna. The court took into account the rank of lieutenant colonel and the position of director of Voentorg of his wife, and found that the father has the right to raise his son in his family, where he can adequately provide for him.
Who was the father of Vladimir Vysotsky? Vladimir Vysotsky - nationality, parents, place of birth?
The future singer was born in Moscow on January 25, 1938. Vladimir’s mother, Nina Maksimovna, worked as a translator - she was Russian by nationality. Father - Semyon Vladimirovich, Jew, colonel, WWII veteran, devoted his entire life to military service, was awarded more than 20 orders and medals.
Jewish roots
The question of Vysotsky’s nationality began to be actively discussed after his death.
Vysotsky is with us, Vysotsky is alive! |
Two historians Vadim Tkachenko and Mikhail Kalnitsky studied the family tree of the great singer.
They researched the ancestors of Vladimir Vysotsky from the beginning of the 19th century. It has been established that the bard’s great-great-grandfather on his father’s side was Leiba Buklkovshtein; he was born in a village near Brest. He was very religious and attended synagogue regularly. Great-grandfather Shliom worked as a Russian teacher; his family raised 4 children. At the end of the 19th century, the family moved to the small town of Vysokoye - according to some sources, it was the name of this town that played a key role in the celebrity’s surname. But there are no facts that can prove this theory.
1941. Volodya Vysotsky “with a bear” in Moscow in the first days of the war. Photo from the end of June
Vysotsky’s maternal grandfather moved to Moscow from the Tula province. It is known that he worked as a doorman in several capital hotels. When he got married, his chosen one gave him 5 children, one of whom was the mother of the future great bard.
Vladimir Vysotsky’s paternal grandfather was Jewish by nationality, and at home the family spoke Yiddish. He had three higher educations and spoke three languages. Due to persecution in the Russian Empire, he changed his first and last name to Russian. So he turned from Wolf Shliomovich into Vladimir Vysotsky. Before her marriage, my grandmother’s name was Dora Bronstein; she also changed her name and converted to Orthodoxy. Despite the fact that the grandmother worked as a nurse and cosmetologist all her life, she was a big theatergoer and her grandson’s main supporter - she was pleased with her relative’s desire for art. In the very later years of her life, she was a real fan of Vladimir Semyonovich’s songs.
In Soviet times, Vladimir Vysotsky’s father was already far from religion and alienated from his own culture.
Vladimir with his parents
It is interesting that one of the singer’s sons, Arkady, married a Jewish woman. After the divorce, his wife took the children from him and currently she and the children live in the United States. The granddaughter of Vladimir Vysotsky, Natalya, became deeply religious and married according to the Jewish rite.
How did Vladimir Vysotsky perceive himself?
Despite the fact that the great singer knew his ancestry, he considered himself Russian. Moreover, according to Jewish tradition, nationality is determined by the mother, and for Vladimir Vysotsky it was Russian. According to his Soviet passport, he was also “Russian.” The bard himself spoke openly about his origins and never hid his Jewish roots. He even wrote the work “Once Upon a Time There Were the Jews Vysotsky.”
Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladimir on vacation in Pitsunda
Despite his pedigree, the singer was better than others able to express the Russian soul and character of the Soviet era in songs. Thanks to his talent, he became a legend, an icon and history of the Soviet Union.
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- Vysotsky is with us, Vysotsky is alive!
"Mama Zhenya"
Vladimir Semenovich was eight years old at the time of separation from his mother. The child took the separation hard. Meanwhile, Semyon Vladimirovich was sent on a business trip to Germany, where Evgenia and his son Volodya followed him.
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Evgenia Stepanovna, in the absence of her own children, gave all her maternal love to Vladimir. With her blessing and help, the boy began to study music. Evgenia Stepanovna supported Volodya in every possible way in this. Vysotsky later recalled with gratitude the years spent in his father’s family. He called his stepmother “Mama Zhenya” and was later baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church. In this way, he expressed deep respect for this woman, who replaced his own mother.
Everything about Armenia
Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya (Martirosova - maiden name) was born on December 25, 1918 into an Armenian family in Baku. Her parents worked at one of the city's factories. When the civil war began, Evgenia Vysotskaya was evacuated with her grandmother to Astrakhan.
When the girl turned 16 years old, she married a pilot, Sergei Akopov. But he died tragically during the Great Patriotic War, during the first raid on Berlin. A year or two later, Martirosova married a second time, to Rostislav Ivanovich Likhalatov, an engineer at the Main Directorate of the Shosdor NKVD of the USSR, who also died tragically on a business trip to Baku.
It was the surname of her second husband that Evgenia Stepanovna bore in parallel with Vysotsky’s surname until her death.
The father of Vladimir Vysotsky, Semyon Vladimirovich, became the third husband of Evgenia Stepanovna. The couple officially registered their marriage at the end of 1946, although their first meeting took place long before that - in 1942. Then Semyon Vysotsky was married to his first wife, Nina Seregina, who gave birth to his future legend, Vladimir Vysotsky. But the parents’ relationship did not work out, and then Semyon made a firm decision: he divorced his wife and married Evgenia Likhalatova.
It was at this time that the then little Vladimir moved to the couple. While his father took part in the war, Vysotsky Jr. lived with his mother for four years.
And when Nina Seregina also remarried, her parents decided that Vladimir would live with his father and “Mama Zhenya,” as he later called her, since his relationship with his stepfather did not work out at all.
The same cannot be said, however, about the stepmother. Vysotsky developed a warm relationship with her from the very first days. It was she who insisted and supported his creative activity; Vladimir's parents were categorically against his studies in the drama club.
Rumor has it that Vladimir Vysotsky fell in love and was so devoted to “Mama Zhenya” that he was baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church.
“Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova, my second wife, became Volodya’s mother for many years. Our son came to live with us in January 1947. I served at that time in Germany in the city of Eberswalde. Sometimes I wasn’t home for weeks: studying, working in the field... So Evgenia Stepanovna was almost entirely involved in raising Volodya. From the first days they found a common language and fell in love with each other, which I was glad about.
In some ways she was like a mother and indulged him. For example, Volodya was inspired to have “a suit like his dad’s” and, of course, chrome boots with a blunt toe... His wife visited several studios until she found a master, a shoemaker. Finally the form was ready. Volodya took his boots, put them next to mine, and compared them. And when I saw that they were exactly the same, my joy knew no bounds. He willingly went to be photographed,” Semyon Vysotsky said in one of his interviews.
The death of “Mother Zhenya” was tragic: in 1988, a huge piece of ice falling from the roof of her 9-story building ended her life two weeks before her seventieth birthday. Before this, in 1980, the couple had already lost their only son, Vladimir Vysotsky. His death became a real grief for Semyon and Evgenia.
Homecoming
In his memoirs, Vladimir Semenovich said that he did not like living in Germany. His stepmother tried to please him, took him to music classes, bought new clothes and gave him a brand new bicycle. On German soil, Volodya learned to play the piano. But Vysotsky was drawn to his homeland. He was especially upset by the constant control of adults, who were afraid of provocations and forbade him to go beyond the military camp.
In 1949, Semyon Vladimirovich’s business trip ended and the family returned to the USSR. Vladimir Vysotsky went to a regular Soviet school. In the early days he wore an orange leather jacket brought from Germany. For her, classmates called Volodya an American. So, from 1949 to 1955, Vladimir Vysotsky studied at secondary school No. 186 in Moscow. After graduation, he lived with his mother until 1963.
"Towards art"
Vladimir Vysotsky. Photo: vs-visotsky.ru
Vladimir Vysotsky. Photo: vs-visotsky.ru
Vladimir Vysotsky. Photo: vs-visotsky.ru
After graduating from school in 1955, Vladimir Vysotsky wanted to enter the theater institute, but his family did not support him. He became a student at the Institute of Civil Engineering (MISI). However, after the first semester, he dropped out and began preparing to enter the Moscow Art Theater School. In January 1956, Vladimir Vysotsky returned to Bogomolov’s theater circle.
Vysotsky had an overbite, poor diction and a hoarse voice with a small range - all this could prevent him from becoming a great actor. In addition, Vysotsky did not look like a courageous hero: for his thinness and narrow shoulders, even at school he was called “tall.” But he worked hard on his articulation and fitness. With the same tenacity, he mastered playing the guitar.
In my family there were no actors or directors, in short, no people of art. But my mother loved the theater very much and from a very young age, every Saturday, until I was 13–14, she took me to the theater. And this probably remains. Apparently, in the soul of every person there remains a small corner from childhood that opens up to art.
Vladimir Vysotsky
In the summer of 1956, Vysotsky was accepted into the Moscow Art Theater School. He received his debut role already in his first year in the production of “Hotel Astoria” based on the play by Alexander Stein. In his second year, he began to try his hand at prose - he composed the first sketch from the life of young actors, “About victims in general and one in particular...”, then a series of stories about “the dog Rex, who was much smarter than his owner,” a story about a man fired from work.
As a student, Vysotsky played in the plays “Ivanov”, “The Witch”, “The Wedding” based on the works of Anton Chekhov, participated in a study sketch on “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Dostoevsky, and starred in a cameo role as student Petya in the film “Peers” directed by Vasily Ordynsky. In the graduation performance “At the Lower Depths,” Vysotsky played Bubnov.
